Free Essays on Women of Ancient Greece

In today’s society, rights among people are as near equivalent as they have ever been. The jobs of people in the public eye have become mixed in each angle. Through work, relaxation, family, political, and strict issues, the two people partake. This balance was a troublesome and opportune excursion for ladies, and it is awful to consider women’s non-existent privileges of old occasions. Be that as it may, a potential adjustment to the normal perspective on women’s lives in old Greece might be invalidated by an article by Christine Mitchell Havelock. The proof delivered is solid and pertinent to the contention, however the general effect on the origination of a woman’s life in old Greece is not really changed. Ladies of antiquated Greece might not have been as hated and thoroughly illegal in the manner that old male-overwhelmed â€Å"literary and legitimate sources† propose. The contention could maybe be all the more explicitly characterized by saying that the lady assumed a critical job in numerous pieces of the funerary administrations of perished friends and family, just as a functioning part in the residential undertakings of the home. This contention is effectively upheld by Havelock’s proof found in a progression of Greek funerary containers: Funerary functions were critical to the old Greek. Formal exercises, for example, parades of grieving occupied the lanes in the midst of death. The grievers were both male and female. Both genders were dynamic in the grieving, however as an obligation ladies were to be passionate. Men held one turn noticeable all around to show the lamenting while ladies naturally held two delivers the air. This proof is urgently steady, indicating that ladies were engaged with these entombment functions. (Havelock 50) A scene of significant essentialness can be seen on a container directly in a gallery in New York. The container gives incredible detail in indicating a dead male body encompassed by his close family. His better half is to one side ocean... Free Essays on Women of Ancient Greece Free Essays on Women of Ancient Greece In today’s society, rights among people are as near equivalent as they have ever been. The jobs of people in the public eye have become mixed in each viewpoint. Through work, recreation, family, political, and strict issues, the two people partake. This correspondence was a troublesome and convenient excursion for ladies, and it is horrible to consider women’s non-existent privileges of antiquated occasions. In any case, a potential adjustment to the normal perspective on women’s lives in antiquated Greece might be negated by an article by Christine Mitchell Havelock. The proof delivered is solid and applicable to the contention, however the general effect on the origination of a woman’s life in antiquated Greece is not really modified. Ladies of old Greece might not have been as despised and thoroughly illegal in the manner that antiquated male-commanded â€Å"literary and lawful sources† propose. The contention could maybe be all the more explicitly characterized by saying that the lady assumed a critical job in numerous pieces of the funerary administrations of expired friends and family, just as a functioning part in the residential undertakings of the home. This contention is effectively upheld by Havelock’s proof found in a progression of Greek funerary jars: Funerary functions were critical to the antiquated Greek. Formal exercises, for example, parades of grieving occupied the avenues in the midst of death. The grievers were both male and female. Both genders were dynamic in the grieving, however as an obligation ladies were to be enthusiastic. Men held one submit the air to show the lamenting while ladies naturally held two delivers the air. This proof is urgently steady, demonstrating that ladies were associated with these entombment functions. (Havelock 50) A scene of significant noteworthiness can be seen on a jar by and by in an exhibition hall in New York. The jar gives extraordinary detail in demonstrating a dead male body encompassed by his close family. His better half is to one side ocean...

Hedgerow Management in Pastoral Landscapes

Hedgerow Management in Pastoral Landscapes Dynamic Hedgerows are a significant piece of the British scene, giving both food and haven to various taxa. As a feature of the UK government’s Environmental Stewardship (ES) Scheme, ranchers are conceded appropriations for, in addition to other things, ‘enhanced hedgerow management’. Despite the fact that hedgerow the board under ES is relied upon to have valuable impacts for taxa, for example, spineless creatures and fowls, less is thought about the impacts ES the executives will have on little well evolved creature networks. The point of this examination was to explore whether this ‘enhanced hedgerow management’ is influencing hedgerow attributes in peaceful scenes and whether little warm blooded creature plenitudes are expanded under ES oversaw hedgerows. ‘Conservation support strips’ (2m+ unchanged verdant edges) were examined as a potential improvement to ES hedgerow the board. Utilizing live catching techniques, I explored little warm bloo ded animal bounties in ES oversaw hedgerows contrasted and non-ES oversaw hedgerows. Wood mice Apodemus sylvaticus and bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus were the most bounteous species, with certain catches of field voles Microtus agrestis and regular wenches Sorex araneus. Little well evolved creature bounties were expanded in ES oversaw hedgerows, be that as it may, the nearness of a ‘conservation cradle strip’ was progressively critical in expanding little vertebrate densities. ES the executives demonstrated no distinct impact on the hedgerows’ qualities. Presentation Agrarian increase since the 1940s has prompted boundless and noteworthy decreases in the biodiversity of numerous farming territories. This drive for more noteworthy yields has been connected with the populace diminishes seen in numerous types of farmland authorities and non-experts who regularly possess farmland (Robinson and Sutherland, 2002). Farmland living spaces can be sorted into non-straight territories, for example, put in a safe spot, edited fields and forest zones, and direct environments, by and large field limits, for example, trench, banks, streams and hedgerows. These field limits remain moderately undisturbed zones and are in this way noteworthy untamed life halls inside in any case unfriendly rural scenes (Tew, 1994). In spite of the fact that there kept on being a decrease in all out region of hedgerows inside the UK during the 80s and mid 90s, the most recent decade has seen little increments in the zone of hedgerow as their protection essentialness turned out to be progressively reported (Barr and Gillespie, 2000). This expansion in the quantity of hedgerows has been driven by government sponsored awards. Wide open Steward (CS), set up in 1991 urged chosen ranchers to improve and save the natural life inside their homesteads, a huge piece of this included the laying of new hedgerows. The CS plans have now been supplanted by the Environmental Stewardship Schemes. All the more as of late, hedgerow award pilot plans have been set up in various areas to energize landowners, the two ranchers and non-ranchers to deal with their hedgerows all the more viably; these awards are accessible to pay for gapping up, fence laying or coppicing. Little warm blooded animals in peaceful land are to a great extent kept to hedgerows or other non-crop includes and are in this manner especially helpless against strengthening (Bates and Harris, 2009). Little vertebrate species comprise the principle prey biomass for various types of warm blooded creatures and flying creatures, and in this manner little well evolved creature plenitude straightforwardly impacts the wealth and assorted variety of predator species adding to the multifaceted nature of neighborhood food networks (Korpimaki and Norrdahl, 1991). There stays some discussion on the significance of direct living spaces for little well evolved creatures, with some recommending that they can't bolster practical populaces, that those found in hedgerows are ‘sink’ populaces (Tattersall et al. 2004). Be that as it may, there is proof that little well evolved creature bounty and assorted variety doesn't rely upon the direct or non-straight character of the living space and that direct natural surroundings can bolster practical populaces (Gelling et al. 2007). In this manner, in huge territories of appalling meadow, field limit hedgerows are critical for keeping up little warm blooded creature populaces in a rural scene, yet varying cultivating practices can prompt an immense assortment in the nature of these environments As the accentuation of cultivating has moved there have been various agri-condition plans presented across Europe with the point of turning around the impacts of past increase and improving agrarian land for natural life (Kleijn and Sutherland, 2003). The UK presented another arrangement of cultivating guidelines in 2005 with ranchers currently ensured sponsorship installments, known as ‘cross-compliance’, as long as they follow a lot of recommended conditions planned for improving the ecological estimation of their homesteads. An obligatory code of good practice will block cultivating land inside 2 m of the focal point of a support (DEFRA, 2005a). Past cross-consistence appropriations, ranchers can likewise apply to place their farmland into Environmental Stewardship (ES). ES is a layered framework, with Entry-Level ES intended to permit most ranchers access to the installments by assembling a homestead the board plan that expects to improve the highlights of their home stead for natural life and to keep up/improve the picturesque estimation of the British open country. The improved hedgerow the executives alternative inside ES necessitates that the rancher cut the fence close to once like clockwork, that hedgerows are cut throughout the winter and that cutting be lurched over the homestead. The joined point of these solutions is to guarantee that probably a portion of the hedgerow is permitted to bloom each mid year (Defra, 2005b). Appropriately oversaw hedgerows are significant highlights, assuming a key job in improving the natural life estimation of farmland. Blossoming hedgerows are a significant wellspring of food and sanctuary for various winged creatures (Hinsley and Bellamy, 2000). Studies propose that the ES plans will have a helpful impact, mostly for taxa, for example, spineless creatures and winged animals (Kleijn and Sutherland 2003), Whittingham (2007) underscores the significance of observing the impacts of ES to guarantee that the scheme’s solutions address the issues of a more noteworthy scope of species. It is significantly less surely known how the progressions to hedgerow the executives will impact little vertebrate wealth, and it is significant that there is more prominent comprehension of the variables that impact little warm blooded animal populaces since little well evolved creatures give the significant wellspring of prey biomass for some, bigger predators (Love et al., 2000). Li ttle warm blooded creatures likewise assume a job in a scope of significant environment forms (Hayward and Phillipson, 1979). Past examinations have built up the principle impacts of changing hedgerow the board inside arable scenes (Shore et al. 2005). Arable conditions give spread to little warm blooded creatures because of the tallness and thickness of the yield. Little warm blooded animals have been appeared to utilize the field at specific seasons (Tattersall et al. 2001; Tew et al. 2000; Todd et al. 2000). Be that as it may, no little warm blooded creature species have been appeared to utilize agronomically improved peaceful fields whenever of year (Montgomery and Dowie 1993). Touched peaceful land gives almost no spread, confining the developments of inhabitant little well evolved creature networks. Thusly, hedgerow the board in dominatingly dairy and cows territories will probably impact the achievement of little warm blooded creature populaces (Gelling et al. 2007). Specifically, the degree of ground spread vegetation along the hedgerow and the nearness of some type of non-cultivated edge can essent ially influence the little vertebrate plenitude (Bates and Harris 2009, Gelling et al. 2007). The 2m edge recommended by ‘cross compliance’ is unimportant regarding giving spread inside peaceful scenes. Despite the fact that the 2m edge stays whole and away from obstruction from the rancher (no manures), all year touching will imply that little spread is offered straight up to the base of the hedgerow. Along these lines, while ES the executives may help little warm blooded creature numbers inside arable zones (Shore et al. 2005), the estimation of ES hedgerow the board inside peaceful scenes is less surely known. I used various hedgerow destinations to analyze hedgerow structure and little warm blooded animal networks on ES ranches versus non-ES ranches. For each ranch, one site was chosen to be delegate and one to incorporate a noteworthy (2m in addition to) preservation cushion portion of unchanged, non-nibbled grass/shrubland. I meant to examine (I) how ES the board impacts the hedgerow qualities, specifically the degree of ground spread for little vertebrates (ii) regardless of whether these ES remedies are giving any noteworthy advantage to little warm blooded creature densities and (iii) as the developments of little well evolved creatures inside peaceful scenes are so confined, could little well evolved creature collections in hedgerows be essentially improved by including an unchanged, non-nibbled, green edge or ‘conservation cushion strip’ (2+m from the edge of the hedgerow). Techniques Locales The examination was directed more than 20 unique homesteads spread across County Durham and Northumberland. The homesteads were chosen because of their reasonableness for this examination, each ranch containing both a hedgerow site with a preservation cradle strip and at any rate one without. All homesteads chosen were delegate regarding territory of those inside the neighborhood. A hedgerow was characterized as a ceaseless line of woody vegetation close to 3m tall. Hedgerow Survey The homesteads were matched, with one ES ranch neighboring a non-ES ranch, making 10 ranch sets and 20 homesteads altogether. Hedgerow overviews were done all through June 2009. 10 hedgerows were arbitrarily chosen on each ranch. All hedgerows on each homestead were overviewed utilizing an altered variant of the Defra Hedgerow Survey Form and handbook (DEFRA, 2007). Every hedgerow was estimated to decide its cross-sectional region. The character of the hedgerow was scored by ref

How to Take Lamictal If You Have Bipolar Disorder

How to Take Lamictal If You Have Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Print How to Take Lamictal If You Have Bipolar Disorder Starting Treatment Correctly to Avoid Severe Rash By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 08, 2019 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights Parhamr / Wikimedia Commons In This Article Table of Contents Expand Indications Formulations Lamictal in Pregnancy Common Side Effects Starting Treatment Drug Interactions Black Box Warning View All Lamictal (lamotrigine) is used as a mood stabilizer for people with bipolar disorder and as an anticonvulsant for people with epilepsy.?? When used to treat bipolar disorder, the drug helps reduce the cycling of moods characterized by bouts of depression alternating with bouts of mania. Starting treatment with Lamictal can be confusing since there are not only different formulations but different dosing instructions based on what other drugs you may be taking. While your doctor is always the best person to answer treatment-related questions, it does help to have a basic understanding of how Lamictal is prescribed and taken. Indications for Use When used for bipolar disorder, Lamictal is prescribed as a maintenance drug to control mood swings after acute symptoms have been treated and are in remission.?? It is prescribed specifically to treat bipolar I disorder (the more severe form of the disease) and only used in people 18 and over.?? Formulations Lamictal is offered in a tablet form and available in a number of different formulations and strengths:?? Lamictal tablets, available in 25-, 100-, 150-, and 200-milligram (mg) strengthsLamictal ODT (orally disintegrating tablet), available in 25-, 50-, 100-, and 200-mg strengthsLamictal CD (chewable dispersible) tablets, available in 2-, 5-, and 25-mg strengthsLamictal XR (extended release) tablets, available in 25-, 50-, 100-, 200-, 250-, and 300-mg strengths Lamictal XR is only used for the treatment of epilepsy, not bipolar disorder. Similarly, Lamictal CD is meant for children with epilepsy who can take the drug from the age of two. What the Therapeutic Drug Level of Your Bipolar Medication Means Lamictal in Pregnancy In terms of safety, Lamictal is classified as a class C drug, meaning that animals studies have demonstrated a risk of birth defects but studies in humans are lacking.?? As such, you need to work your doctor to weigh the benefits and consequences of taking Lamictal if youre pregnant or breastfeeding. Your Lamictal dose may need to be adjusted if you become pregnant. During pregnancy, blood serum concentrations of Lamictal can decrease by up to 30%. Common Side Effects Lamictal can cause side effects, many of which are transient and will resolve once your body adapts to the medication. The most common side effects (affecting at least five percent of users) are:?? Dizziness (affecting 38 percent of users)Headaches (29 percent)Double vision (28 percent)Unsteadiness (22 percent)Nausea (19 percent)Blurred vision (16 percent)Drowsiness (14 percent)Nasal drip and sneezing (14 percent)Rash (10 percent)Sore throat (10 percent)Vomiting (9 percent)Cough (8 percent)Flu-like symptoms (7 percent)Menstrual cramps (7 percent)Diarrhea (6 percent)Fever (6 percent)Insomnia (6 percent)Loss of coordination (6 percent)Abdominal pain (5 percent)Indigestion (5 percent) Lamictal tablets can be taken with or without water or food, but if you have side effects like nausea, taking your medication with a small snack may help. Starting Treatment To avoid the risk of a hypersensitivity reaction, Lamictal is usually  started at a lower dose and gradually increased over a period of six to seven weeks.?? To this end, starter kits are available for both Lamictal and Lamictal ODT which provide instructions on how and when to increase dosages. The instructions vary based on whether you are taking Lamictal alone or with other drugs.?? The starter kit is recommended whether you are starting Lamictal for the first time or restarting therapy. Guideline for Starting Lamictal If taking Lamictal with sodium valproate If taking Lamictal alone (monotherapy) If taking Lamictal with Tegretol Weeks 1 and 2 25 mg every other day 25 mg daily 50 mg daily Weeks 3 and 4 25 mg daily 50 mg daily 100 mg daily (in divided doses) Week 5 50 mg daily 100 mg daily 200 mg daily (in divided doses) Week 6 100 mg daily 200 mg daily 300 mg daily (in divided doses) Week 7 100 mg daily 200 mg daily Up to 400 mg daily (in divided doses) The two drugs commonly prescribed with Lamictal to treat bipolar disorder are sodium valproate (marketed under the brand names Depakote, Depakene, and others) and Tegretol (carbamazepine).?? Drug Interactions Oral contraceptives containing estrogen may affect the concentration of Lamictal in your blood and require a dose adjustment.?? Always advise your doctor if you are taking (or have stopped taking) an estrogen-containing oral contraceptive. Because of Lamictals effects on the central nervous system, you will need to be careful about drinking alcohol or taking medications such as  muscle relaxants, antihistamines, cold medications, or sedatives as Lamictal may amplify their psychoactive side effects.?? The bottom line is to always advise your doctor about any prescription or non-prescription drugs (including recreational drugs) you may be taking without exception. Black Box Warning In around one of every 1,000 people taking Lamictal, a potentially life-threatening hypersensitivity drug rash may develop.?? It most commonly occurs in adults who are taking the drug on its own for the first time. The rash can be extremely serious and lead to conditions known as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) or toxic epidermal necrosis (TEN), both of which  require emergency medical treatment. Most hypersensitivity reactions occur two to eight weeks after starting treatment, although some cases have been known to develop six months later. As such, the appearance of any rash should be taken seriously and seen s a matter of urgency. After stopping Lamictal, pain medications, topical steroids, and other drugs may be  needed to treat the hypersensitivity rash. Severe cases require hospitalizations. Once a hypersensitivity reaction has occurred, no matter how mild, Lamictal treatment should never be restarted. What a Black Box Warning on Your Medication Means

The Article, How Homophobia Hurts Everyone By Warren J....

In the article, How Homophobia Hurts Everyone by Warren J. Blumenfeld, Blumenfeld describes his experience growing up as a homosexual, and how homophobia affected him, as well as his family and peers. To begin, homophobia can be separated into two different catergories, personal homophobia and interpersonal homophobia. Personal homophobia can be described as a personal belief system, or prejudice that homosexuals, bisexual and transgender people are entitled to, should be disliked or remain powerless, due to their desires. They are also sometimes seen as psychologically disturbed, genetically modified or defective and overall, unfortunate human beings. While on the other hand, interpersonal homophobia refers to the personal prejudice or bias that affects relationships within individuals. An example of interpersonal homophobia could be making a joke, name calling, or insulting certain individuals or groups. This can be either verbal, physical or intimidation related. Blumenfeld first describes his experience with his sister, Susan, after his retinas had detached and he was faced with possibly being blind the rest of his life. During his recovery from a surgery to reattach his retinas, he began to bond with his sister again after many years of estrangement. After tears, apologies, regrets and rage, their relationship finally began to heal. The main focus of the article is Blumenfelds’ primary premise, â€Å"Within each of the numerous forms of oppression, members of the targetShow MoreRelatedHeterosexualism And Heterosexism1089 Words   |  5 Pages Heterosexism, according to Warren J. Blumenfeld, is the system of advantages given to heterosexuals based on the social construct of gender roles and heterosexual norms, while marginalizing and oppressing homosexuals and others who do not fit into the heterosexual culture (373). The enforcement of this system is known as heteronormality. This is seen in the binary system, which is a social construct that divides people into different strictly bordered categories organized by â€Å"social roles, values

Brave New World By Aldous Huxley - 2205 Words

Throughout history, regimes around the world have orchestrated their own social system, influenced by political and economic ideologies. Humans have been victims of corrupt government systems that set a large gap between two distinct social classes: The Proletariat and Bourgeoisie. This system is mostly seen in places where one or many have an excessive amount of power (tyranny). Whether it’s an overpowered ruler who puts himself far beyond everyone else in terms of social class, or a society where the lower class is completely irrelevant to the rich, this has been prevalent throughout the course of humanity. One classic novel that exhibits the ideas and consequences of Marxism within a society is Brave New World by Aldous Huxley. In Brave New World, Huxley was able to analyze the book through a Marxist lens where there is a major difference in social classes, desire for power, and ideological perspectives within the Bourgeoise and Proletariat. Those who are Marxists know that the desire for power is an important element within a society. Acquiring Socialism to the civilians live’s is one of the key ideas of Marxism, but Marxists mistake that as the only idea. As mentioned, power in terms of the amount of wealth one has is one of the most important factors when it comes to a society. In Critical Theory Today by Lois Tyson, Tyson alludes to the fact that wealth is the main source when interpreting Marxism. Tyson states, â€Å"For Marxism, getting and keeping economic power is theShow MoreRelatedA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley668 Words   |  3 PagesIn Brave New World, there are similarities that have a deeper meaning that we can understand. There are personal effects in Aldous Huxley life that contribute to what he has written in the book. Aldous Huxley throughout his life have seen, done, and events have happened to him, just like all of us, but he has expressed it in his book. So when Aldous wrote the he had so many ideas. I have read the book; it’s notRead MoreBrave New World by Aldous Huxley811 Words   |  3 Pages Brave New World is based around characters who gave up the right of freedom for happiness; characters who ignored the truth so that they could live in a utopian civilization. The deceiving happiness was a constant reminder throughout the book. Almost every character in Brave New World did whatever they could to avoid facing the truth about their own situations. In this society, happiness is not compatible with the truth because the World State believes that happiness was at the expense of theRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley1525 Words   |  7 PagesA Brave New Feminist The novel Brave New World written by Aldous Huxley in 1932 is known for its social satire, utopian values, and unusual standpoints on stereotypical gender roles. In this time where futuristic technology has completely taken over, and men and women are given the same opportunities for everything, â€Å"the genders appear equal within the social order; both men and women work at the same jobs, have equal choice in sexual partners, and participate in the same leisure pursuits† (MarchRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley664 Words   |  3 Pagesfor the fact being in the future and in the past time has changed and many differences were made. In his Dystopian Society Huxley portrays masses of niches where the government produces clones for specific reasons. Huxley decides throughout Brave New World that cloning humans is unethical. He then becomes in contact with the society’s most powerful Alphas and Betas clones. Huxley suggest in BNW that lower class groups in clo ning humans to act like servants to terrorize them into working hard conditionsRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1189 Words   |  5 Pages In the world of sex, drugs, and baby cloning you are going to be in many situations where you feel like the world we live in should be different. In the story Brave New World, they had sex with multiple partners along with a very bad use of drugs. It is weird that Aldous Huxley wrote this book in 1931 about the world he was living in during that time and how it is similar to the world we live in today. Nowadays, drugs are still being used and people are still engaging in sexual encounters withRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley968 Words   |  4 PagesAldous Huxley’s utopia in Brave New World foreshadowed and illuminated the complications within modern day society. Upon its release, the narrative became widely banned all over the United States due to the unorthodox thoughts and actions of multiple characters in it. Early readers, as well as modern day audiences, feared and rejected the ideals that Huxley incorporated into his perfect society; however, our society today is heading towards the dark paths the older generations desired to avoid. Read MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley895 Words   |  4 Pagesthe novel Brave New World, Aldous Huxley tells of a society where everyone is the same but, compared to t oday’s society, everything is different. Huxley tells of a world where everything that happens or takes place is because of one’s own desire and nothing more. The hero in the novel, a â€Å"savage† named John, is Huxley’s main focal point. It is through his eyes and mind that the reader sees what’s going on. Now when I read this novel, I began to think, â€Å"Could this perfect, conformed world actuallyRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1684 Words   |  7 Pagesimperfect world and is usually only a hopeful dream. These types of worlds can greatly be described in detail through the world of science fiction. Aldous Huxley was an English writer who lived during a time when war and chaos were engulfing the world. His works reflect his view and thoughts on a dystopia, which is a false utopia, and describes what could occur in possible governments of the world. The ability to understand and dive into the thoughts of the author is what make s world literatureRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley614 Words   |  2 Pagesthem truly happy. What if someone were to tell you that what you thought was true happiness was all an illusion. In a Brave New World by Aldous Huxley people in the world state are conditioned and drugged up by soma to not experience true happiness. In a world that is perfect, human beings do not have to depend on drugs to keep our world in balance. In a Brave New World by Aldous Huxley there is always a perfect drug called soma that keeps everyone happy, which they have based their society on. ThisRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley948 Words   |  4 PagesWelcome to a world were â€Å"Brave† is not just a word; It has a true meaning. This is a story were everything as you know it, doesn’t seem to be right and will completely change your way of thinking. When this story was written, life was very harsh for many people†¦.Mostly for the author who wrote â€Å"Brave New World† During this time (1930s) they didn’t have much sexual content Living The Future Of The Past In The Present†¦.. In the air; But Aldous made a future full of sex for them and we are the

Use Case Diagram Free Essays

string(105) " the system displays a message indicating that it’s too late for the Customer to cancel the order\." UML Model Report UML Model Table of Contents Table of Contents2 USE CASE MODEL REPORT3 USE CASE MODEL3 PACKAGE DOCUMENTATION:3 Actor – Customer4 Actor – Shipping Clerk4 Actor – Shipper4 Actor – Receiving Clerk4 Actor – Inventory Clerk4 Actor – Shipping Station4 Actor – Receiving Station4 Use Case – Add Item to Shopping Cart5 Use Case – Browse List of Books6 Use Case – Cancel Order7 Use Case – Check Out8 Use Case – Edit Contents of Shopping Cart10 Use Case – Log In13 Use Case – Open Account16 Use Case – Process Received Shipment19 Use Case – Search by Author20 Use Case – Ship Order23 Use Case – Track Recent Orders26 Domain Model29 STATIC OBJECT MODEL1 Use Case MODEL Report Use Case Model Package Documentation: NONE Use Case Diagram – Main [pic] Actor – Customer Documentation: NONE Actor – Shipping Clerk Documentation: NONE Actor – Shipper Documentation: NONE Actor – Receiving Clerk Documentation: NONE Actor – Inventory Clerk Documentation: NONE Actor – Shipping Station Documentation: NONE Actor – Receiving Station Documentation: NONE Use Case – Add Item to Shopping Cart Documentation: NONE List of Associations Search Results Page Communicates with Add Item to Shopping Cart Use Case – Browse List of Books Documentation: Basic Course The Customer clicks on a Category on the Browse Books Page. The system displays the subcategories within that Category. This process continues until there are no more subcategories, at which point the system displays the Books in the lowest subcategory. We will write a custom essay sample on Use Case Diagram or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Customer clicks on the thumbnail for a Book. The system invokes the Display Book Details use case. Alternate Course If the system does not find any Books contained within a given Category, it displays a message to that effect and prompts the Customer to select a different Category. List of Associations Customer Communicates with Browse List of Books Use Case – Cancel Order Documentation: Basic Course The system ensures that the Order is cancellable (in other words, that its status isn’t â€Å"shipping† or â€Å"shipped†). Then the system displays the relevant information for the Order on the Cancel Order Page, including its contents and the shipping address. The Customer presses the Confirm Cancel button. The system marks the Order status as â€Å"deleted† and then invokes the Return Items to Inventory use case. Alternate Course If the status of the Order is â€Å"shipping† or â€Å"shipped,† the system displays a message indicating that it’s too late for the Customer to cancel the order. You read "Use Case Diagram" in category "Papers" List of Associations Customer Communicates with Cancel Order Use Case – Check Out Documentation: Basic Course The system creates a Candidate Order object that contains the contents of the Customer’s Shopping Cart. Then the system retrieves the Shipping Addresses associated with the Customer’s Account, and displays these addresses on the Shipping Address Page. The Customer selects an address, and then presses the Use This Address button. The system associates the given Shipping Address with the Candidate Order. Then the system displays the available Shipping Methods on the Shipping Method Page. The Customer selects a shipping method, and then presses the Use This Shipping Method button. The system associates the given Shipping Method with the Candidate Order. Then the system displays the contents of the Billing Info objects associated with the Customer’s Account, on the Billing Information Page. The Customer selects a billing method and presses the Use This Billing Information button. The system associates the given Billing Info object with the Candidate Order. Then the system displays the Confirm Order Page. The Customer presses the Confirm Order button. The system converts the Candidate Order to an Order and destroys the Shopping Cart. Then the system returns control to the use case from which this use case received control. Alternate Courses If the Customer has not already logged in, the system invokes the Log In use case. If the system does not find any Shipping Addresses, it invokes the Create Shipping Address use case. If the system does not find any Billing Info objects, it invokes the Define Billing Information use case. If the Customer presses the Cancel Order button at any time, the system destroys the Candidate Order and returns control to the use case from which this use case received control. List of Associations Customer Communicates with Check Out Shopping Cart Page Communicates with Check Out Use Case – Edit Contents of Shopping Cart Documentation: Basic Course On the Shopping Cart Page, the Customer modifies the quantity of an Item in the Shopping Cart and then presses the Update button. The system stores the new quantity and then computes and displays the new cost for that Item. The Customer presses the Continue Shopping button. The system returns control to the use case from which it received control. Alternate Courses If the Customer changes the quantity of the Item to 0, the system deletes that Item from the Shopping Cart. If the Customer presses the Delete button instead of the Update button, the system deletes that Item from the Shopping Cart. If the Customer presses the Check Out button instead of the Continue Shopping button, the system passes control to the Check Out use case. List of Associations Customer Communicates with Edit Contents of Shopping Cart Class Diagram – Edit Contents of Shopping Cart Robustness [pic] Interaction Diagram – Edit Contents of Shopping Cart Sequence [pic] Use Case – Log In Documentation: Basic Course The Customer clicks the Log In button on the Home Page. The system displays the Login Page. The Customer enters his or her user ID and password and then clicks the Log In button. The system validates the login information against the persistent Account data and then returns the Customer to the Home Page. Alternate Courses If the Customer clicks the New Account button on the Login Page, the system invokes the Open Account use case. If the Customer clicks the Reminder Word button on the Login Page, the system displays the reminder word stored for that Customer, in a separate dialog box. When the Customer clicks the OK button, the system returns the Customer to the Login Page. If the Customer enters a user ID that the system does not recognize, the system displays a message to that effect and prompts the Customer to either enter a different ID or click the New Account button. If the Customer enters an incorrect password, the system displays a message to that effect and prompts the Customer to reenter his or her password. If the Customer enters an incorrect password three times, the system displays a page telling the Customer that he or she should contact customer service, and also freezes the Login Page. List of Associations Customer Communicates with Log In Class Diagram – Log In Robustness pic] Interaction Diagram – Log In Sequence [pic] Use Case – Open Account Documentation: Basic Course The system displays the New Account Page. The Customer types his or her name, an e-mail address, and a password (twice), and then presses the Create Account button. The system ensures that the Customer has provided valid data and then adds an Accoun t to the Master Account Table using that data. Then the system returns the Customer to the Home Page. Alternate Courses If the Customer did not provide a name, the system displays an error message to that effect and prompts the Customer to type a name. If the Customer provided an email address that’s not in the correct form, the system displays an error message to that effect and prompts the Customer to type a different address. If the Customer provided a password that is too short, the system displays an error message to that effect and prompts the Customer to type a longer password. If the Customer did not type the same password twice, the system displays an error message to that effect and prompts the Customer to type the password correctly the second time. If the account is already in the master account table, notify the user. List of Associations Customer Communicates with Open Account Login Page Communicates with Open Account Open Account Communicates with Login Page Class Diagram – Open Account Robustness Interaction Diagram – Open Account Sequence Diagram [pic] Use Case – Process Received Shipment Documentation: Basic Course The Receiving Clerk ensures that the Line Items listed on the Purchase Order match the physical items. The Clerk waves the bar code on the packing slip under the sensor at the receiving station. The system changes the status of the Purchase Order to â€Å"fulfilled† and updates the quantity on hand values for the various Books. The Clerk hands the Books off to the Inventory Clerk. Alternate Course If the Receiving Clerk finds a mismatch between the Purchase Order and the physical items, the Clerk stops processing of the shipment until he or she is able to make a match. List of Associations Receiving Clerk Communicates with Process Received Shipment Process Received Shipment Communicates with Inventory Clerk Process Received Shipment Communicates with Receiving Station Use Case – Search by Author Documentation: Basic Course The Customer types the name of an Author on the Search Page and then presses the Search button. The system ensures that the Customer typed a valid search phrase, and then searches the Catalog and retrieves all of the Books with which that Author is associated. The the system retrieves the important details about each Book, and creates a Search Results object with that information. Then the system displays the list of Books on the Search Results Page, with the Books listed in reverse chronological order by publication date. Each entry has a thumbnail of the Book’s cover, the Book’s title and authors, the average Rating, and an Add to Shopping Cart button. The Customer presses the Add to Shopping Cart button for a particular Book. The system passes control to the Add Item to Shopping Cart use case. Alternate Courses If the Customer did not type a search phrase before pressing the Search button, the system displays an error message to that effect and prompts the Customer to type a search phrase. If the system was unable to find any Books associated with the Author that the Customer specified, the system displays a message to that effect and prompts the Customer to perform a different search. If the Customer leaves the page in a way other than by pressing an Add to Shopping Cart button, the system returns control to the use case from which this use case received control. List of Associations Customer Communicates with Search by Author Class Diagram – Search by Author Robustness [pic] Interaction Diagram – Search by Author Sequence [pic] Use Case – Ship Order Documentation: Basic Course The Shipping Clerk ensures that the Items listed on the packing slip for the Order match the physical items. The Clerk waves the bar code on the packing slip under the sensor at the shipping station. The system changes the status of the Order to â€Å"shipping. † Then the system retrieves the Shipping Method that the Customer specified for this Order and displays it on the Shipping Station Console. The Clerk weighs the set of physical items. The Clerk packages the Items. The Clerk attaches a manifest appropriate for the given shipping method. The Clerk waves the bar code on the manifest under the sensor. The Clerk sends the package out via the associated Shipper. Alternate Course If the Shipping Clerk finds a mismatch between the Order and the physical items, the Clerk stops processing of the Order until he or she is able to make a match. List of Associations Shipping Clerk Communicates with Ship Order Ship Order Communicates with Shipper Ship Order Communicates with Shipping Station Class Diagram – Ship Order Robustness [pic] Interaction Diagram – Ship Order Sequence [pic] Use Case – Track Recent Orders Documentation: Basic Course The system retrieves the Orders that the Customer has placed within the last 30 days and displays these Orders on the Order Tracking Page. Each entry has the Order ID (in the form of a link), the Order date, the Order status, the Order recipient, and the Shipping Method by which the Order was shipped. The Customer clicks on a link. The system retrieves the relevant contents of the Order, and then displays this information, in view-only mode, on the Order Details Page. The Customer presses OK to return to the Order Tracking Page. Once the Customer has finished viewing Orders, he or she clicks the Account Maintenance link on the Order Tracking Page. The system returns control to the invoking use case. Alternate Course If the Customer has not placed any Orders within the last 30 days, the system displays a message to that effect on the Order Tracking Page. List of Associations Customer Communicates with Track Recent Orders Class Diagram – Track Recent Orders Robustness [pic] Interaction Diagram – Track Recent Orders Sequence [pic] Domain Model [pic] [pic] Static Object Model [pic] [pic] [pic] How to cite Use Case Diagram, Papers

Management of Risk

Question: Discuss about the Management of Risk DHL Express. Answer: Introduction: The current assignment aims to provide a critical demonstration of the risk governance and management in the chosen global logistics organisation, DHL Express. As commented by Baxter et al. (2013), the event manager is responsible for planning and executing global conferences that include greater delegations, events, senior meetings and field visits. Therefore, the focus of the organisation is to manage risk in these areas of work. Understanding of risk governance in DHL Express: DHL Express has well-established risk management system, which has enabled the organisation in identifying the risks at all stages. In this context, Christopher (2016) suggested that effective risk management system helps an organisation in adopting necessary measures for ensuring continual growth. The event manager of DHL Express is responsible for continuous monitoring and analysis of the global security situation. In addition, the personnel is responsible for preparing forecasts and facilitating business activities in places by considering the security risk. DHL Express has formed a global IT security platform to conduct strategic evaluation of the potential security risks in its global supply chain (Dhl.de 2017).It has been observed that DHL Express has adopted a system based on hierarchical reporting to sort out queries and seek approvals. Therefore, it is the duty of the event manager to involve all the managerial levels in the process of risk management. Moreover, the event manager could report event risk before two weeks on an ad hoc basis. Organisational structure of DHL Express: DHL Express has four operating divisions and there are segregated divisional headquarters to control each division. These are further segregated into business activities to meet reporting needs, which are depicted as follows: Mail division: In this division, the organisation delivers global and global parcels, as the organisation is experienced in dialogue marketing, services related to press distribution and other electronic services. In addition, with the introduction of E-post brief product, DHL Express has provided secured and user-identified written communication on internet. Express division: This division of DHL Express is engaged in providing courier mad express services to the business customers in over 220 nations. As a result, it has been the most comprehensive global network in the logistics industry (Franks et al. 2014). Freight and global forwarding division: This division manages the carriage of goods via rail, air, road and sea. In terms of freight operator, it is the best in the world, second best in terms of ocean freight operator and leading overland forward forwarders in EU. Supply chain division: The division of supply chain is the international market leader in contract logistics, which provides warehousing and manages value-added services and transport at all supply chain links for the different industrial customers. In addition, the organisation provides solutions related to corporate information for tailoring the customer needs (Galliers and Leidner 2014). Figure 1: Organisational structure of DHL Express (Source: Dhl.de 2017) Policies and procedures of DHL Express for managing risk: The event manager undertakes the following policies and procedures for managing the risks related to global conferences: Identification and assessment of risk: Before arranging any global conference, the event manager dissects the opportunity and risk situation three months before the conference and documents the deed taken. The event manager then apportions the identified risk to one or more managers assessing and monitoring the risk. After that, the event manager lays down probable procedures to proceed ahead for filing a report. The same procedure is followed in case of opportunity, in which the results are stored in database of the organisation. Aggregation and reporting: After sending the report, the controlling units accumulate the outcomes and review the same for plausibility. In case, there is overlap in financial impact, the same is noted in database. After seeking the approval from departmental head, the outcomes are handed over to the next hierarchy level. The final level is complete at the time corporate controlling reports to the board group on considerable opportunities and risks and their impact on each division (Haimes 2015). Overall strategy: Based on the report obtained, the management of DHL Express selects the methodology to be used for evaluating and reporting on risks and opportunities. In addition, such report contains an additional information source for entire steering of the group. Operational measures: The necessary measures to be applied are ascertained within the individual organisational units. Each unit develops cost-benefit analyses to determine the ways of avoiding or mitigating the risks or transfer the same to other parties. Reasons for involving external stakeholders to the team of the organisation: In the words of Peng, Peng and Chen (2014), the activity of stakeholder engagement is proactive dialogue. In case of DHL Express, this is broad due to large number of suppliers, shareholders, customers, societies, governmental and non-governmental organisations. In addition, the organisation has worked in sensitive areas and it is at the middle of challenging complexities like high-risk operations and considerable consumers of resources. Thus, involving the external stakeholders to the team arranging for conference implies listening to problems, identification of material issues and benchmarking performance in contrast to expectations. In addition, it is possible to accumulate input for organisational activities and priorities and give feedback, which would help in eliminating the conference risks (Pritchard and PMP 2014). Summary/ Recommended methods for engaging stakeholders in risk management: The following methods could be used for involving stakeholders in the risk management process of DHL Express: DHL Express could involve the stakeholders in its risk management for enhancing the understanding of a specific issue by using policy dialogues. With the help of these dialogues, common ground could be framed for future interactions. As a result, it would help the event manager of DHL Express to resolve sharp conflict and opposing opinions and beliefs. DHL Express could use surveys for generating information regarding knowledge, beliefs and opinions of a diverse group of stakeholders. By properly executing this method, DHL Express could ascertain the extent to which different perspectives depict the broader views of the general population. Thus, with the help of external stakeholder engagement, the event manager would be able to mitigate the security risk associated with global conferences through field visits and meetings. References: Baxter, R., Bedard, J.C., Hoitash, R. and Yezegel, A., 2013. Enterprise risk management program quality: Determinants, value relevance, and the financial crisis.Contemporary Accounting Research,30(4), pp.1264-1295. Christopher, M., 2016.Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Dhl.de. (2017).DHL. [online] Available at: https://www.dhl.de/en.html [Accessed 11 Feb. 2017]. Franks, D.M., Davis, R., Bebbington, A.J., Ali, S.H., Kemp, D. and Scurrah, M., 2014. Conflict translates environmental and social risk into business costs.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,111(21), pp.7576-7581. Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E., 2014.Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Haimes, Y.Y., 2015.Risk modeling, assessment, and management. John Wiley Sons. Peng, M., Peng, Y. and Chen, H., 2014. Post-seismic supply chain risk management: A system dynamics disruption analysis approach for inventory and logistics planning.Computers Operations Research,42, pp.14-24. Pritchard, C.L. and PMP, P.R., 2014.Risk management: concepts and guidance. CRC Press.

A Guide on Writing a Motivation Letter for the Internship

A Guide on Writing a Motivation Letter for the Internship A Guide on Writing a Motivation Letter for the Internship A motivation letter or an essay is a very challenging assignment, as it may play an important part in your future and career. With its help, you can express yourself and show that you are a perfect candidate for a particular internship or position. There may be tens or even hundreds of applicants for the same program and the committee should want to see why you differ from the rest only by reading your CV and motivation letter. It should be not only catchy and intriguing but also show your skills, knowledge and aspirations, hiding all the possible imperfections. Some students may also be asked to complete such a letter after finishing their internship, which can be even more challenging than the one you write at the beginning. Such a personal statement should cover the whole time of you being an intern, your personal and academic achievements and much more. Topics, which you can discuss, may include: Describe a situation, where you played the leading part and managed to solve it successfully; Express how a particular program corresponds with your personal and academic goals; What skills, classes or experience make you the best candidate for the internship? It doesn’t matter what type of a topic you need to discuss, as they all centered around your personality and achievements, which will contribute to the internship and college you are applying to. Helpful tips If you stress out about completing a motivation letter, don’t worry too much and consider it a regular application essay. All you need to do is to give the committee a reason to select you and see that you have qualifications and personal achievements, necessary for the program. Here are a few tips, which will make your motivation essay perfect: Start your letter with a hook. It can be a sentence or even a paragraph, which will catch attention of the reader. The committee should be intrigued and want to learn more about you. Imagine how many essays they are going to read, so try to be interesting and different. You can start with examples, interesting facts or personal achievements, related to the subject; You should not only concentrate on the things, which you will obtain while being an intern but also on the things, which can be useful for the college. Try to explain why choosing you would be a great benefit for the college, university or company; As any other essay, your letter should have a thesis statement. It is very important, as it gives direction for your letter and gives the reader a chance to see what you stand on. Try to compose a sentence or two, describing the key features you possess and the main reasons, which motivated you to apply to the particular internship; Don’t rewrite your CV. You will attach it to your application, so there is no need to mention the same things over and over again. You should better demonstrate your motivation, potential and reasoning, instead of listing brief and boring facts of your bio; Try to avoid common phrases. There are many words, which most of the students use and which already have no value for the reader. For example, ‘I am a motivated team-player’ or ‘I want to gain experience in the field of interest’. It is better to describe more concrete qualities and skills you want to learn from the program; Be serious about the internship. Even if it is a part time program, which doesn’t have any fees, you need to be respectful and prove that you will take it seriously. A great advice is to take it as your job and consider an important step towards your future career; Don’t neglect guidelines. We understand how tempting it may be to show your creativity, trying to stand out from the rest. However, this doesn’t work with formatting and you need to stick to all the requirements about margins, fonts, spacing and so on. Don’t forget about the proper size of the paper. If else is not indicated, it is usually not more than 500 words long.

Leading Change for Carlos Ghosn at Renault and Nissan Essay Example

Leading Change for Carlos Ghosn at Renault and Nissan Essay Example Leading Change for Carlos Ghosn at Renault and Nissan Essay Leading Change for Carlos Ghosn at Renault and Nissan Essay Individual Assignment: leading change for Carlos Ghosn at Renault and Nissan – Core Leadership task Carlos Ghosn is very strong leader who leading the Renault and Nissan. He made the Company strategic alliance for Nissan with French auto car manufacturer Renault was mutually beneficial for both companies, each of them expanding portfolio and becoming more competitive in the context of globalized mature automobile market. Analysis the leadership of Carlos Ghosn, actually he made a number of remarkable leadership change management on the Renault and Nissan. And Following core task of leadership were well used at Tenure and Nissan A. Effective leadership instills in the organization behavioral patterns that will support sustained outstanding performance. At Nissan, he want to bring Nissan back to profitability at the earliest date possible and revive it as highly attractive company. But in the cooperation through the merge and alliances, that is not dimply a matters of making fundamental change to a company’s organization and operations so de decided to focusing on specific business objective, means focusing on performance and he could by pass concerns for cultural difference. Meanwhile through the performance management, he remove the executive who failure to meet performance target. Through the over and over change. He equip up the team with good performance to achieve the change the people instead of change person. B. Develop and Communicate Purpose – He made a lot of level communication to member and got much valuable information to help him diagnosis the organization and implemented the change accordingly. Meanwhile to share the demanding of organization performance goal. This is also a upward communication. like the article side: spoke directly to employee was especially important C. Leader development through the cross function team work and make the important decision of organization to let those key member well know operation of other function to give then horizontal view of organization for future development D. Effective leadership will be exercised by multiple individuals at different levels and in different units of the organization. E. Walk and talk in his view the leaders must do what they say and say what they do. And he required the top management team is highly visible and what they think, what they say and what they do must be same. They have to be impeccable in ensuring that they worlds correspond to their action. F. The Effective leadership will be exercised by multiple individuals at different levels and in different units of the organization – he involved NRP and serial of HR management plan to reduce the cost, make the good transformation, transformed a struggling company into a good company. Transform the good company into a great company. Overall evaluated for Carlos Ghosn’s leadership on change management, we may see he well manager those leadership to adapt the organization development needs, he engage the six core of leadership from coupled with demanding performance goal, and employee can then adapt to changing circumstances by finding new petitions while aligned with the company’s purpose and direction. Through the well communication setting up, especially upward communication, support new behavior and help ensure leader will learn from employee at all level about the effectiveness of the efforts. Carlos Ghosn leads the change. And also we may see those changes are involved a lot of party of organization to make those change happen as not individual can change the organization. Effective leadership change requires that collaborative partnership among those individuals who hold the positions of formal authority and employee at other organization level who can participants in the process of leading change. The result of the changes, of course will be benefit to the organization as a whole. Leadership ectation rganization performance dem Cross-Functional Teams When you get a clear strategy and communicate your priorities, its a pleasure working in Japan. The Japanese are so organized and know how to make the best of things. They respect leadership . Carlos Ghosn Even though Ghosn expected that his attitude toward cultural respect and opportunism would lead to success, Ghosn was pleasantly surprised by how quickly Nissan employees accepted and participated in the change of their m anagement processes. In his speech at Tuck school he mentioned that workers love stories, they want to understand the story they are in and the role they are playing, they want to see a happy ending-and they want to be part of that ending. Nissan employees were eager to prove themselves. In fact, he has credited all of the success in his programs and policies to the willingness of the Nissan employees at all levels to change their mindsets and embrace new ideas. Perhaps it was the way he started that set the foundation among the employees. Is this Essay helpful? Join OPPapers to read more and access more than 325,000 just like it! get better grades Carlos Ghosn was the first manager to actually walk around the entire company and meet every employee in person, shaking hands and introducing himself. In addition, Ghosn initiated long discussions with several hundred managers in order to discuss their ideas for turning Nissan around. This began to address the problems within the vertical layers of management by bringing the highest leader of the company in touch with some of the execution issues facing middle and lower management. It also sent a signal to other executives that they needed to be doing the same thing. But he did not stop there. After these interviews, he decided that the employees were quite energetic, as shown by their recommendations and opinions. With this in mind, Ghosn decided to develop a program for transformation which relied on the Nissan people to make recommendations, instead of hiring outside consultants. He began to organize Cross-Functional Teams to make decisions for radical changes in the company. Part of The Global Leadership Of Carlos Ghosn At Nissan In 1999, the Nissan was suffering under a decade of decline and unprofitability, in fact the company was on the verge of bankruptcy, with continuous loses for the past eight years resulting in debts of approx. $22 billion. Elements impacting Nissans performance prior to the global alliance with Renault Internal factors: Emphasis on short-term market share growth instead of a long term success strategy; Advanced engineering and technology, plant productivity, quality management. However, less attention was given to design and innovation, on the assumption that consumers were looking for quality and safety. This implies a lack of knowledge of the market, consumers changing tastes, and showed that Nissan management did not pay too much attention to what competition was doing. External factors: The devaluation of yen from 100 to 90 yen for a US dollar; Moodys and Standard Poorss rating agencies announced in 1999 that Nissan would be lowered from investment grade to junk unless it could not Is this Essay helpful? Join OPPapers to read more and access more than 325,000 just like it! get better grades get any financial support. Both formal and informal internal procedural Nissan norms, as well as Japanese cultural norms were holding the company back. Through keiretsu investments Nissan management believed would foster loyalty and cooperation between members of the value chain, hence they invested in real estate and suppliers companies. 4 billion US dollars were invested in stock shares of other companies as part of keiretsu philosophy. Nissan Company strategic alliance with French auto car manufacturer Renault was mutually beneficial for both companies, each of them expanding portfolio and becoming more competitive in the context of globalized mature automobile market. With Renault assuming a stake of 36. 8% at Nissan, the latter would retain its investment grade status. The alliance enabled Renault to penetrate and expand in international markets that it was looking for Asia and North America. In turn, Nissan would gain market share in South America.

Should All Drugs Be Legalized Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Should All Drugs Be Legalized - Essay Example On the other hand, those who violently oppose the legalization of all drugs contend that legalization would actually make â€Å"harmful, psychoactive, and addictive substances affordable, available, convenient, and marketable. It would expand the use of drugs. It would remove the social stigma attached to illicit drug use, and would send a message of tolerance for drug use, especially to youth† (Drug Watch International, 2001, par. 1). The current discourse hereby asserts that all drugs should be legalized to eradicate the costs of prohibition, to lower its prices, and to minimize repercussive violence that results from illegal trade and criminal activities that ensue from the sale and use. At the current status of governmental policies and regulations of restricting the sale and use of drugs, statistics have consistently revealed that ther are more incidences of addiction and costs to society All Drugs Must be Legalized The legalization of drugs would eradicate the costs of p rohibition. As asserted by a Harvard University professor, Jeffrey Miron, the costs of prohibiting drugs are enormous. In the United States, for instance, it was revealed that â€Å"If it legalized drugs, the United States could save $85 billion to $90 billion per year. Roughly half that is spent on the current drugs policy and half that is lost in taxes that the state could have levied on legal drugs† (Miron, 2013, par. 4). ... eral deficits by eliminating expenditure on prohibition enforcement -- arrests, prosecutions, and incarceration -- and by allowing governments to collect tax revenue on legalized sales† (Ghosh, 2010, par. 8). As disclosed, the savings that would be generated from legalization would definitely outweigh the costs of prohibition. Likewise, by legalizing drugs, the black markets would be eliminated and therefore, the prices of drugs would significantly decrease (Drug Watch International, 2001). Birrell averred that â€Å"legalisation would replace the freest of markets that currently exists to the benefit of the world's most vicious crooks with a system in which supply is controlled, products regulated and profits taxed† (Birrell, 2013, par. 8). Thus, the elimination of the black markets would likewise eliminate absence of accountability and make the sale of drugs safer and more secure. Finally, if the prohibition or restriction of the sale and use of drugs are lifted, viole nce and drug-related criminal activities would be reduced, minimized or out rightly prevented. According to Vibes (2013), â€Å"the steady increase in violent crime over the past few decades is directly correlated with the escalation of the drug war† (par. 4). This was supported by Miron (2013) who emphasized that â€Å"prohibition leads to violence. By making a black market inevitable, you generate violence because the conflicts between the parties involved in the drug trade can't be solved by legal means within the judicial system† (par. 20). In fact, from the statistics disclosed by the U.S. Department of Justice, it was noted that â€Å"state and local law enforcement agencies made an estimated 1,336,500 arrests for drug possession or use in 2010† (Snyder, 2010, p. 11). In the UK, it was disclosed

If ICT (Information and Communication Technology) has enabled Essay

If ICT (Information and Communication Technology) has enabled financial markets to become more globalised, wont this undermine the reasons for banks and other financial services to remain in London - Essay Example The globalisation has also seen the expansion of institutional investor activities into new territories, meaning the movement of a significant portion of their investments to new markets. This paper seeks to explore the implications of this phenomenon with the aim of showing that ICT, although means better communication and better cooperation across space, space still matters.. Economic geography seeks to explain spatial orientation and distribution of economic activities (Krugman 2011, p. 5). The property of labour to be attracted to production centres makes the production centres even more attractive as the new employees are also consumers resulting in other firms as well as workers joining the centre (Krugman 1991, p. 5). The centripetal market forces described are attributed to the agglomeration of the centres and not the proximity to natural resources (Smith 2012, p. 4). This was what caused the first unbundling with productions that occurred in rural settings with products intended for locals shifting to industrial form of production (Elms and Low 2013, p. 13). This classified the north industrialisation. However, with the ICT innovations of recent years that have seen the reduction of transport costs that makes the occurrence of agglomeration less likely. To explore these peripheries, the businesses need to have a centralised manufacturing area. This is coupled higher costs and congestion caused by an agglomeration act as centrifugal forces driving production away from the centres through sourcing strategies (Smith 2012 p. 5).With the ICT innovations spurring globalisation, the effect was that the spatial economics views shifted This phenomenon explained the north de-industrialisation and south industrialisation otherwise known as the second unbundling (Elms and Low 2013, p. 14). Countries of the North (Europe, Japan and North America) saw an industrial revolution as a result of

Procurement Logistics And Supply Chain Management Commerce Essay

Procurement Logistics And Supply Chain Management Commerce Essay Traditional purchasing and logistics functions have evolved into a broader strategic approach to materials and distribution management known as supply chain management (Tan, 2001). Successful supply chain management requires cross functional integration and marketing plays a critical role (Lambert and Cooper, 2000). Procurement is extension of supply chain management allows the smooth functioning of departments engaged in the management process. Cooper et al (1997) mentioned that practitioners and educators have variously addressed the concept of supply chain management as an extension of logistics, or as an all-encompassing approach to business integration. BCAM is headed by James Irvine, Managing Director holding 40% of the shares while Tom Irvine is the Production Director with 25% shares in the company. The company was established 100 years ago by the Irvine family which came into existence during mass industrialization of UK agricultural sector manufacturing tractors and wide ra nge of associated agricultural equipments like harvesters, balers, mowers and sprayers. Over these years, BCAM was able to build good reputation in the market but lacked innovation and neglected both product and market development failing which the company was not able to react to the demand and had to face stiff competition, mainly from Europe, USA and Far East. As supply chain management and procurement logistics are important in efficient, smooth and continuous functioning of the company, this paper critically analyses the supply chain management process of British Consolidated Agricultural Machinery (BCAM), its consequences on the operation and management of the company and evaluating different approaches of supply chain management to benefit the company in terms of improved procurement and supply chain management. A) Supply Chain Management Process BCAM According to Mentzer (2001) supply chain management is the systematic, strategic coordination of the traditional business functions within a particular company and across businesses within the supply chain for the purposes of improving the long term performance of the individual companies and supply chain as a whole. Further Hugos (2006) states that supply chain management is the coordination of production, inventory, location and transportation among the participants in a supply chain to achieve the best mix of responsiveness and efficiency for the market being served Various definitions from different authors concentrate mainly on flow of goods and materials within the company for timely production, cost effective operations and better customer service which is not evident or persistent in the supply chain process of BCAM. The supply chain process at BCAM did not meet any of the essential criterions as suggested by several authors in Mentzer (2001). BCAM lacked strategic planning i n its supplied chain process as purchasing officer would make a reorder for the goods and materials only after the low stock level and stock issue made by the warehouse. Warehouse officials manually carried the inventory and issued reorder report to the purchase department after which purchase department would require three days to forward purchaser order to the supplier, which may extend to week further if the individual product lines are batched up into one large order with a single supplier. It may be noted that logistics play a major role in supply chain management process which is not limited to single organization but refers to a network that work together and coordinate their actions to deliver a product to the market (Hugos, 2006). Delivering product to customers requires implementation of the strategic process within the firm to integrate the firm with other members of the supply chain and other operational activities at day to day level (Lambart, 2008). Procurement of mate rials, which is the primary task of purchase department lacked decision making power as it did not vested with any individual and dispersed across different units making it a tedious job for purchasing unit. Organizations give the power to purchasing department to take the decisions and send purchase order to the suppliers, but at BCAM, production staff and engineers made most of the decision that doesnt apply in supply chain process. Moreover, the purchase order is placed in bulk in order to secure maximum discounts but out of the items purchased, only few are used for the production while the rest are maintained in the warehouse which is a serious problem concerning the high operational costs and low profits of the company. The company lacked the basic tenets of supply chain management like integrated behavior, mutual sharing of information, mutual sharing channel risks and rewards, cooperation, similar goal and focus of serving customers, integration of processes and partners to build and maintain long term relationships (Mentzer, 2001). The instance of purchasing materials in bulk shows that the company lacks partnerships with small suppliers as it has to purchase items in bulk to minimize the logistics cost. Moreover, the deliveries of goods by the suppliers were often late, as it is evident that they were not interested in doing business with BCAM due to late payments. Mutual sharing of information is not evident at BCAM as the company was not able to meet the market demand. The instance of new products being launched and irregular notice to the purchasing department makes it clear that there is no cooperation and coordination in the internal business units at BCAM. Market demand could not be meted due to inefficient managing practices because fulfillment of market demand is the process of measuring the process and communicating the results throughout the firm and to key members of supply chain (Lambart, 2008). Marketing department needs to provide neces sary information to the production and purchasing departments about the new product, the market demand and requirements so as to meet the demand on time. Supply chain management at BCAM is not integrated with most of the departments not sharing information which is essential for production and meeting the market demands. BCAMs supply chain management lacks integral relationship with similar goals and objectives and works on its own while decisions are taken at all levels. Lack of basic characteristics of supply chain management has resulted in various challenges to BCAM in form of competitors in the industry, high operating cost, low profit, inability to meet the market demand, inability in procurement of materials, low level of coordination in the management, and the situation where the management is thinking of merger with French firm, Eiffel Mecanisme which is lower than its size but makes more profit than BCAM, thanks to its low operational cost, effective marketing strategy and management. The ineffective supply chain management has very drastic consequences which is evident in case of BCAM which is at the verge of merging with a French company and on condition that all the senior management positions should be French while production operations being transferred to the French factories. In order to avoid the major setbacks and merger with French company, BCAM will have to restructure its organization and reformulate its strategy matching the technology of its competitors and producing innovative products meeting the expectations and demand of the market. B) Supply Chain Management Approaches for BCAM Kale (n.d.) mentioned that the supply chain management within the organization includes all the functions involved in fulfilling a customer demand like new product development, marketing, operations, distributions, finance and customer service and any break in the chain of functioning between these departments will have an adverse effect on the organization (Basu and Wright, 2007). Operating successfully in any business environment today requires companies to become much more involved in how their supplies and customer do business. As global markets expands and competition increases, making products and services that customers want to buy means that businesses must pay closer attention to where materials come from, how their suppliers products are designed and produced, how they are assembled, transported and stored, etc. Steve Darendinger, Vice President of advanced sourcing and supply chain strategy for Cisco Systems, California stated that the key to developing effective supply ch ain management programs is keeping the customer in mind and if the customer is skipped during decision making process, then these decisions transfer risks costs and additional waiting time along the supply chain leading to higher operational costs and lower end customer demands (Wisner et al, 2008). Supply chain is a holistic approach that stretches forward across the organization and customer and backwards through various suppliers and to their suppliers. There can be substantial benefits for all stakeholders by having integration across company boundaries which was missing in BCAMs supply chain management process (Basu and Wright, 2007). Regarding suppliers too, BCAM didnt had much to choose among the suppliers as most of them were not satisfied by the payment terms of the company which resulted in less priority in delivering the goods. The ultimate objective of supply chain management is to achieve strategic fit between the companys competitive strategy and supply chain strategy (Kale, n.d). Cutting et al (2006) states that the main objective of supply chain management is to have the right products in the right quantities at the right time at minimal cost in a situation that would guarantee optimal service levels for the customer and optimal performance for the organization ( Basher, 2010). This is the main problem with BCAM as the departments within were not able to coordinate with each other and the basic objective of supply chain management was not fulfilled. According to supply chain management philosophy (Markland et al 1995) inventory should be the last resort in solving supply and requirement imbalances between the tiers but at BCAM, inventory was carried out manually and 80% of the man hours would be spend on matching the documents of suppliers sent during the delivery of goods. Companies, nowadays, formulate their strategies devising supply chain management that suits their organization. Leo and Bart (n.d.) recognized three basic forms of supply chain namely internal supply chain. which is an integrated flow of material and information within the business unit, from supplier and towards the customer; external supply chain, an integrated flow of material and information within the business unit, across the direct suppliers and customers; and tota l supply chain, an integrated flow of material and information within the business unit, across multiple trading suppliers and customers. According to Harrison et al (2005) supply chain management is a set of approaches utilized to efficiently integrate suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses and stores, so that merchandise is produced and distributed at the right quantities, to right places and at right time so as to reduce operational costs while giving optimum customer satisfaction. It is important to note that logistics plays an important role in successful implementation of supply chain management. The supply chain management approach differs from the logistics functions like optimization of the transportation and distribution structure. Two different approaches have been identified namely make to stock and make to order. The difference between the two approach lies in production strategy wherein if a product is created according to specific customer demand, it follows make to order approach while production on any other criteria is due to make to stock, as the products are produced to stock in advance to meet the ev er increasing market demand. The supply chain approach benefit the organizations in maintaining low operating costs, flexibility and responsiveness and delivery performance (Dickersbach, 2009). BCAM should reinvent its supply chain management by focusing on internal processes. Internal supply chain would be efficient so as to integrate the departments and initiate systematic coordination, cooperation and mutual sharing of information among the departments in the company. Moreover, the company should focus on make to order approach of supply chain management in the current situation so as to avoid unnecessary costs of extra items being purchased from the suppliers. BCAM should apply modern approach of supply chain management which encourages facing challenges across organizations, different lines of business, and across consumers and eliminate the traditional approach, which is being presently practiced in the organization (Altekar, 2005). In conclusion, Tom Irvine, Production Direct ors strategy should be implemented to improve the procurement and supply chain process which aims to use make to order approach, reduce the excessive inventory and aggressive marketing of the products. Conclusion BCAM should focus on restructuring its supply chain processes so as to improve its performance in the market and withstand stiff competition from its rivals. Toms strategy to revive the companys performance in the market should be implemented as it focuses on reducing the overall operational expenditure and low cost production mechanism.

Gestalt Therapy

Gestalt therapy is a therapeutic approach in psychology that helped foster the humanistic theories of the 1950s and 1960s and that was, in turn, influenced by them. In Gestalt philosophy, the patient is seen as having better insight into himself or herself than the therapist does. Thus, the therapist guides the person on a self-directed path to awareness and refrains from interpreting the patient’s behaviors. Awareness comprises recognition of one’s responsibility for choices, self-knowledge, and ability to solve problems. Its originators, Frederick S. (Fritz) Perls (1893–1970) and Laura Perls (born Lore Posner, 1905–1990), were born in Germany and studied psychology there. They fled Germany during the Nazi regime, moving to South Africa and then to New York City. They were both initially influenced by Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic approaches and by Wilhelm Reich’s Orgonomic psychotherapy. Their later ideas on Gestalt therapy broke with the psychoanalytic tradition, moving toward existentialism and, ultimately, humanism. In New York City the Perls founded the Gestalt Therapy Institute in 1952. Their novel technique in therapy was to face the patient, in contrast to the typical Freudian technique of sitting behind a reclining person. The face-to-face positioning permitted the therapist to direct the patient’s attention to movements, gestures, and postures so the patient could strive to gain a fuller awareness of his or her immediate behaviors and environment. Another well-known approach introduced in Gestalt therapy is the so-called â€Å"empty chair technique,† in which a person sits across from and talks to an empty chair, envisioning a significant person (or object) associated with psychological tensions. By using these techniques, the Perls believed, the patient would be able to gain insight into how thoughts and behaviors are used to deflect attention from important psychological issues and would learn to recognize the presence of issues from the past that affect current behavior. The aim was for the patient to experience feelings, not to gain insight into the reasons for them, as psychoanalysts favored. In the evolution of their therapy, Laura and Fritz Perls differed in some of their approaches. Laura emphasized more direct, physical contact and movement than Fritz did, and the contact favored by Fritz Perls was more symbolic than physical. Gestalt therapy took its name from the school of academic psychology called Gestalt psychology. Perls asserted that Gestalt psychology had influenced the development of his ideas, but the Gestaltists laimed that there was no connection between the two. Later scholars suggested a common substrate linking the academic Gestalt psychology of Max Wertheimer (1880–1943), Wolfgang Kohler (1887–1967), and Kurt Koffka (1886–1941) and the Gestalt therapy of the Perls and their collaborators Ralph Hefferline (1910–1974) and Paul Goodman (1911–1972). This commonality involved appreciation of the who le rather than a reductionistic approach to understanding psychological phenomena and behavior. Gestalt therapy took form in the 1950s and 1960s, when humanism first flourished. The optimistic theory promulgated by the Perls was quite compatible with the ideas of other humanistically oriented psychologists such as Carl Rogers (1902–1987). Its influence has waned since the 1980s, although current therapies have been influenced by the humanistic and optimistic outlook of the theory and by some of the interactive techniques developed by the Perls and their followers. Gestalt theory, a major school of psychology during the first half of the twentieth century, was an influential counterpoint to the other mostly atomistic psychological systems of the time: structuralism, functionalism, and behaviorism. While its controversies with these other systems during the â€Å"age of schools† in psychology have receded into history, its major tenets once again became salient toward the end of the twentieth century in such fields as social psychology, cognition, personality psychology, and visual neuroscience. Gestalt psychology proposed a radical revision of the atomistic view that had prevailed for centuries in Western science and social science. Natural wholes, according to the Gestalt view, are not simply the sum total of their constituent parts. Rather, characteristics of the whole determine the nature of its parts, prescribing the place, role, and function of each part in the unified whole. The Gestalt principle of Pragnanz, furthermore, asserts that the organization of any whole will be as â€Å"good† (i. e. , balanced, simple, integrated) as the prevailing conditions allow. This insistence on holistic processes applies equally to all integrated wholes, from physical systems such as electrical fields, magnetic fields, and soap films to psychological systems such as cognitive processes, the organization of perception, personality, and social phenomena. The Gestalt movement is generally viewed (Ash 1995; King and Wertheimer 2005) as having been launched by a series of experiments by Max Wertheimer (1880–1943) on apparent movement published in 1912, although clear indications of a Gestalt perspective were already evident in two earlier publications of Wertheimer on musical structures (1910) and on aboriginal thinking about numerical issues (1912). Two of Wertheimer’s colleagues who served as observers in these experiments, Wolfgang Kohler (1887–1967) and Kurt Koffka (1886–1941), became his collaborators during the next decades in promulgating the new Gestalt approach (Kohler 1929; Koffka 1935). A typical experiment in Wertheimer’s series involved, for example, exposure of a short vertical line in the visual field, followed after a brief interval by exposure of a second similar vertical line a short distance away from where the first one had been exposed. If the time and distance relations are appropriate, observers see a single line moving from one location to the other. The experience is indistinguishable from watching an actual short vertical line move from one location to the other; in both cases, the perception of motion is immediate and compelling. The prevailing alternate theoretical orientations, maintaining that percepts always correspond with their correlated physical stimuli, could not explain the perceived motion when the actual stimuli are two stationary lines successively exposed. The whole, the experience of motion as a Gestalt, cannot be derived from a combination of the â€Å"component sensations† of the two stationary stimuli. The Gestalt school became prominent in European and American psychology. Its principles of perceptual organization have been summarized in almost every introductory psychology textbook; Wertheimer’s book Productive Thinking. (1945) challenged the computer models of the late twentieth century to try to account for the ubiquitous cognitive processes of insight and understanding.

Pi Day

Justin Carlton PI DAY 3/14/13 * Definition of pi: Pi is the 16th letter in the Greek alphabet. It is equal to 3. 141592 when shortened, but never ends. * Archimedes-One of the major contributions Archimedes made to mathematics was his method for approximating the value of pi. It had long been recognized that the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter was constant, and a number of approximations had been given up to that point in time. Archimedes was the first person to calculate the value of pi. Ptolemy- Ptolemy was an observer and mathematician who had written on astronomical topics such as conjunctions. He devised proofs and theorems in which he was able to evaluate pi. His calculations were pi= 3+17/120=3. 14166. * William Jones- Jones was a mathematician, known for his proposal for the use of the symbol ? for pi to represent the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. * PI Jokes Question: What do you get if you divide the circumference of a jack-o- lantern by its diameter? Answer: Pumpkin Pi!Q: What was Sir Isaac Newton's favorite dessert? A: Apple pi! Mathematician: Pi r squared Baker: No! Pie are round, cakes are square! * A transcendental number is a number that is not the root of any integer polynomial, meaning that it is not an algebraic number of any degree. Every real transcendental number must also be irrational, since a rational number is, by definition, an algebraic number of degree one. Ferdinand von Lindeman first called pi a transcendental number * Irrational number is a real number that cannot be expressed as a rational number.In 1761 Lambert proved that Pi was irrational, that it can't be written as a ratio of integer numbers. Web pages used: http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/pi http://itech. fgcu. edu/faculty/clindsey/mhf4404/archimedes/archimedes. html http://www2. stetson. edu/~efriedma/periodictable/html/Pm. html http://www. ualr. edu/lasmoller/pi. html http://math-fail. com/2010/03/pi-day-jokes. html http://mathworld. wolfram. com/TranscendentalNumber. html http://www. mathsisfun. com/definitions/irrational-number. html http://www. math. com/tables/constants/pi. htm

Frederick Douglass And Hester Prynne - 1701 Words

On the surface one would find it difficult to believe that Frederick Douglass and Hester Prynne could be anything alike. For starters, Frederick Douglass was a real person. A true historical figure in the Antebellum period of The United States. This was a man who was born a slave, escaped to his freedom and became one of the louder voices calling to abolish slavery. Then we have Hester Prynne, who is a fictional character from the mind of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Her time period was years before that of Douglass, as she lived Puritan New England. Looking at these two comparatively from the outside, it is hard to believe that the two would represent any of the same ideas. However, delving deeper into what they stood for, the hardships they endured, and how the came out better on the other end it is clear that the two of them are one in the same. Douglas and Prynne represent everything that America is supposed to be moving forward out of the Antebellum time period. The Antebellum period of the United States was the pre-civil war era where turmoil was building up across the country. Abolitionists were becoming a main part of the fabric of the political infrastructure. The country becoming more and more divided. There was a dream of what America was supposed to be. The state of the country at this time was far away from what the goal of The United States was supposed to be. Author’s at the time knew this. There was a change in through process amongst authors of the time. ThereShow MoreRelatedFrederick Douglass- An American Slave547 Words   |  2 Pagesreaders can be influenced by different ideas. When a person is exposed to a variety of different ideas and concepts, they often times change the way that they think or go about daily life. For example, books like The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass gave people insight to what it was like to live a life of oppression, thus making people feel sympathetic for him. Society also reflects literature in that we see a lot of patterns repeated from books to everyday life. We see the reflectionRead MoreHow Does Literature Shape American Culture?968 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Life of Fredric Douglass and various other works of literature are all pieces of American literature that have helped shape American society. The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne takes place in Salem, Massachusetts in the sixteen hundreds. Hester Prynne is accused of committing adultery in her small puritan settlement but little does the town know that the father is in fact Reverend Dismmesdale. Having sent his wife ahead of him two years before hand, Hester stops her husband in